List of rocket launch sites
This article constitutes a list of rocket launch sites. Some of these sites are known as spaceports or cosmodromes. A single rocket launch is sufficient for inclusion in the table, as long as the site is properly documented through a reference. Missile locations with no launches are not included in the list. Proposed and planned sites and sites under construction are not included in the main tabulation, but may appear in condenced lists under the tables.
Shorter lists with the most well-known spaceports:
- A list of spaceports for human spaceflight is available in the article Spaceport.
- A list of spaceports for satellite launches is available in the article Spaceport.
Table Specification
Sorting order
- A table for each continent;
- Countries in alphabetical order within a table;
- Launch sites within a country are sorted cronologically according to start of operations.
Column specification
- Country - territory of the site (the organisation responsible for the launches may reside elsewhere, as indicated in the notes column;
- Location - Name of launch site (sometimes also province etc)
- Coordinates - geographical coordinates
- Operational date - the period of years of launch activities
- Number of rocket launches - the total number of launches, including failed launches
- Heaviest rocket launched - total mass at lift-off
- Highest achieved altitude - height in km above launch site
- Notes - comments
Africa
Asia
Note that some Russian cosmodromes appear in this section, some in the section Europe
Country |
Location |
Coordinates |
Operational date |
Number of rocket launches |
Heaviest rocket launched |
Highest achieved altitude |
Notes |
China |
Base 603, Shijiedu, Guangde |
|
1960-1966 |
|
1 000 kg |
<60 km |
|
China |
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center |
|
1970– |
|
464 000 kg |
Orbital |
Human spaceflight[6] |
China |
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center |
|
1980– |
|
|
Orbital |
Polar satellites[7] |
China |
Xichang Satellite Launch Center |
|
1984– |
|
|
Lunar |
Geo-synchronous satellites, lunar probes.[8][9] |
China |
Jingyu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
India |
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram |
|
1962– |
>2000 |
|
|
[10] |
India |
Balasore |
|
|
|
|
|
|
India |
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota), Andhra Pradesh |
|
1971– |
|
402 000 kg |
Lunar |
Satellites and lunar probes;[11] |
Indonesia |
Pameungpeuk |
|
1965–2005 |
|
|
|
|
Indonesia |
Lapan Space Center, Tjulitan |
|
1987- |
2 |
300 kg |
70 km |
|
Iran |
Qom Space Center |
|
1991 |
|
|
|
Military testing[12] |
Iran |
Emamshahr Space Center |
|
1998 |
|
|
|
Military testing and sounding rockets for ISA.[13] |
Iran |
Semnan |
|
2009- |
2 |
|
Orbital |
|
Iraq |
Al-Anbar Test Centre |
|
1989 |
|
|
|
Out of function[14] |
Israel |
Palmachim Air Force Base |
|
1987– |
9 |
70 000 kg |
Orbital |
[15] |
Japan |
Akita |
|
1956-1990 |
81 |
|
343 km |
|
Japan |
Uchinoura Space Center |
|
1962– |
|
139 000 kg |
Orbital |
[16] |
Japan |
Tanegashima Space Center, Tanegashima Island |
|
1967– |
|
445 000 kg |
Orbital |
[17] |
Japan |
Ryori |
|
1970- |
|
|
|
|
Japan |
Niijima |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan |
Obachi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kazakhstan |
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Tyuratam |
|
1957– |
>1000 |
2 400 000 kg |
Interplanetary |
First satellite, first human. Operated by Russia.[18] |
Kazachstan |
Sary Shagan |
|
1958- |
|
|
|
|
Korea, North |
Musudan-ri |
|
1998– |
|
|
|
Military rockets; claimed satellite launch[19] |
Korea South |
Anhueng |
|
1993- |
|
|
|
|
Korea, South |
Naro Space Center, Gohueng |
|
2008 |
2 |
|
|
Attempted satellite launches[20] |
Maldives |
Gan Island |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pakistan |
Sonmiani Satellite Launch Center, Las Bela, Balochistan |
|
1960s – [21] |
|
|
|
Sounding rockets, missile testing, for SUPARCO.[22] |
Pakistan |
Tilla Satellite Launch Center, Jhelum District, Punjab |
|
1980s – [23] |
|
|
|
Sounding rockets, missile testing, for SUPARCO.[24] |
Russia |
Kheysa |
|
1956-1980 |
|
|
|
|
Russia |
Svobodny Cosmodrome, Amur Oblast |
|
1957– |
|
47 000 kg |
Orbital |
ICBM base converted for satellites[25] |
Russia |
Sovetskaya Gavan |
|
1963-1964 |
6 |
|
402 km |
|
Russia |
Okhotsk |
|
1981-2005 |
|
|
1000 km |
|
Russia |
Yasny Cosmodrome (formerly Dombarovskiy), Orenburg Oblast |
|
2006– |
|
211 000 kg |
Orbital |
ICBM base converted for satellites[26] |
Proposed or planned spaceports and rocket launch sites in Asia
Europe
Note that some European countries operate spaceports in Africa, South America, or other equatorial regions. These spaceports are listed in this article according to their geographical location. Some Russian-controlled launch sites are listed as being in Asia.
Note that some Russian cosmodromes appear in this section, some in the section Asia
Country |
Location |
Coordinates |
Operational date |
Number of rocket launches |
Heaviest rocket launched |
Highest achieved altitude |
Notes |
France |
Ile de Levant |
|
1948- |
|
|
|
|
Germany |
Rocket Launch Site Berlin, Berlin-Tegel |
|
1930–1933 |
|
|
4 km |
|
Germany |
Peenemünde/Greifswalder Oie |
|
1942–1945 |
>3000 |
12 500 kg |
>100 km |
V-2 rockets during World War II. |
Germany |
Cuxhaven |
) |
1945-1964 |
|
|
|
|
Germany |
Hespenbusch, Großenkneten |
|
1952–1957 |
|
|
<10 km |
|
Germany |
Zingst |
|
1970-1992 |
67 |
|
80 km |
|
Germany |
Kepler Launch Site, Weil der Stadt |
|
2001- |
|
|
<3 km |
|
Greece |
Koroni |
|
1966-1989 |
371 |
|
114 km |
|
Iceland |
Vik |
|
1964-1965 |
2 |
|
|
|
Italy |
Salto di Quirra |
|
1964- |
|
|
|
|
Norway |
Andøya Rocket Range |
|
1962– |
>900 |
700 kg |
|
Rockets to the upper atmosphere.[33] |
Norway |
Marka |
|
1983-1984 |
|
16 kg |
|
|
Norway |
SvalRak |
|
1997- |
|
|
|
|
Poland |
Tuchola Forest |
|
1944-1945 |
|
|
|
Nazi-German V-2 rockets |
Poland |
Łeba |
|
1941-1945 |
|
|
|
Nazi-German rockets |
Poland |
Łeba |
|
1963-1973 |
33 |
|
|
Polish rockets |
Poland |
Blizna |
|
1943-1944 |
139 |
|
|
Nazi-German V-2 rockets |
Russia |
Kapustin Yar Cosmodrome, Astrakhan Oblast |
|
1957– |
|
|
Orbital |
Previously for satellite launches[34] |
Russia |
Nyonoksa |
|
1965–1997 |
|
|
|
|
Russia |
Plesetsk Cosmodrome |
|
1966– |
>1000 |
300 000 kg |
Orbital |
|
Spain |
El Arenosillo |
|
1966- |
>500 |
|
|
|
Sweden |
Nausta |
|
1961-1961 |
1 |
30 kg |
<80 km |
Arcas rocket for atmospheric research.[35] |
Sweden |
Kronogård |
|
1961–1964 |
18 |
700 kg |
135 km |
Arcas, Nike-Cajun and Nike-Apache rockets for atmospheric research. |
Sweden |
ESRANGE, Kiruna |
|
1966–1972 |
150 |
700 kg |
237 km |
Operated by ESRO.[36] |
Sweden |
Esrange, Kiruna |
|
1972– |
300 |
12 400 kg |
717 km |
Operated by SSC.[36] Major programmes: Maxus, Texus, Maser, stratospheric balloons. |
United Kingdom |
The Needles |
|
1956-1971 |
|
|
|
|
United Kingdom |
South Uist |
|
1959- |
|
|
|
|
Proposed or planned spaceports in Europe
North America
Country |
Location |
Coordinates |
Operational date |
Number of rocket launches |
Heaviest rocket launched |
Highest achieved altitude |
Notes |
Canada |
Fort Churchill, Manitoba |
|
1954–1985 |
>3500 |
|
|
Canadian Army.[38] |
Canada |
Hall Beach |
|
1971-1971 |
7 |
|
270 km |
|
Canada |
Southend |
|
1980-1980 |
2 |
1 200 kg |
|
|
Greenland (Denmark) |
Thule Air Base |
|
1964–1980 |
|
|
|
US Air Force[39] |
USA |
Wallops Flight Facility, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia |
|
1945– |
|
|
|
Now operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center[40] |
USA |
White Sands Missile Range |
|
1946- |
>7000 |
|
|
Military and civilian flights. Served as alternate landing site for the space shuttle.[41] |
USA |
Nevada Test and Training Range (formerly Nellis Air Force Range) |
|
1950s– |
|
|
|
[42] |
USA |
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida |
|
1956– |
|
|
Interplanetary |
Commercial and U.S. Government unmanned missions. |
USA |
Vandenberg Air Force Base, California |
|
1958– |
|
|
Orbital |
Satellites, ballistic missile tests. Government and commercial launches.[43] |
USA |
Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
|
1963– |
151 |
3 000 000 kg |
Lunar |
Launched NASA's manned missions. Adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. |
USA |
Keweenaw (Rocket launch site) |
|
1963–1971 |
>50 |
770 kg |
<160 km |
Currently inactive |
USA |
Kodiak Launch Complex, Alaska |
|
1991– |
14 |
86 000 kg |
Orbital |
Ballistic missile interceptor tests, satellite launches. Alaska Aerospace Corporation.[44] |
USA |
Mojave Air & Space Port, California |
|
2004– |
|
|
112 km |
Privately funded spaceflights (SpaceShipOne). |
USA |
Spaceport America (formerly Southwest Regional Spaceport), Upham, New Mexico |
|
2006– |
8 |
|
|
Sub-orbital commercial and planned space tourist launches. Joint venture between state of New Mexico and Virgin Galactic.[45][46] |
USA |
Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS), Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia |
|
2006– |
5 |
36 000 kg |
Orbital |
Operates in partnership with NASA, adjacent to the Wallops Flight Facility site. Designed for both commercial and government launches.[47] |
Additional rocket launch sites in North America
Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.
- Arecibo (Puerto Rico,
- Barbados,
- Barter Island (USA,
- Black Rock Desert (USA,
- Black Mesa (USA,
- Charlestown, Rhode Island (USA,
- Com Range (USA,
- Cape Parry (Canada,
- Cold Lake (Canada,
- Datil (USA,
- Eareckson (USA, Aleut islands,
- Eglin Air Force Base (USA,
- Fort Bliss (USA,
- Fort Greely (Alaska,
- Fort Sherman (USA,
|
- Fort Wingate (USA,
- Fort Yukon (USA,
- Gillam (Canada,
- Gilson Butte (USA,
- Grand Turk Island
- Holloman (USA,
- Kwajalein (USA, Atoll in the Pacific,
- Mercury (USA,
- NAOTS (USA,
- North Truro Air Force Station (USA,
- Point Arguello (USA,
- Point Barrow(Alaska,
- Point Mugu (USA,
- Poker Flat Research Range (Alaska,
|
- Primrose Lake (Canada,
- Ramey (Puerto Rico,
- Red Lake (Canada,
- Resolute Bay (Canada,
- San Clemente (USA, California,
- San Nicolas Island(USA, California,
- Santiago Ixcuintla (Mexico,
- Sheboygan, Wisconsin, USA, |
- Sierra de Juarez (Mexico,
- Sondre Stromfjord (Greenland, )
- Tonopah Test Range (USA,
- Upham (USA,
- Yuma (USA,
|
Proposed or planned spaceports in North America
- Spaceport America, Upham, New Mexico,
- Spaceport Canada, near Fort Churchill, Manitoba,
- Oklahoma Spaceport, Burns Flat,[48][49]
- Corn Ranch, Van Horn, Texas
- Spaceport Sheboygan, Wisconsin,
- Cape Breton Spaceport (aka Cape Breton Space Center), Nova Scotia,[50]
- Cape Rich, LFCATC Meaford, Ontario[51]
South America
Proposed or planned spaceports in South America
Australia and New Zealand
Country |
Location |
Coordinates |
Operational date |
Number of rocket launches |
Heaviest rocket launched |
Highest achieved altitude |
Notes |
Australia |
Woomera Test Range |
|
1950s– |
|
28 000 kg |
Orbital |
British/Australian government research facility. Missile testing, 2 satellite launches. |
Australia |
Carnarvon |
|
1964–1965 |
12 |
|
120 km |
|
Australia |
Lancelin |
|
1974-1974 |
2 |
|
|
During a total solar eclipse |
New Zealand |
Birdling's Flat |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proposed or planned spaceports in Australia and New Zealand
Other
Additional rocket launch sites in the oceans and Antarctica
Please delete items or move them to the table above with appropriate data and references.
See also
References
- ^ Hammaguira – astronautix.com
- ^ Kapani Tonneo – astronautix.com
- ^ San Marco – astronautix.com
- ^ Tawiwa – astronautix.com
- ^ Overberg – astronautix.com
- ^ Jiuquan – astronautix.com
- ^ Taiyuan – astronautix.com
- ^ ""嫦娥一号"发射时间确定 但未到公布时机". XINHUA Online. July 7, 2007. http://news3.xinhuanet.com/tech/2007-07/07/content_6340313.htm. Retrieved August 2, 2007.
- ^ Xichang – astronautix.com
- ^ Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO
- ^ Sriharikota – astronautix.com
- ^ Qom – astronautix.com
- ^ Emamshahr – astronautix.com
- ^ Al Anbar – astronautix.com
- ^ Palmachim – astronautix.com
- ^ Kagoshima – astronautix.com
- ^ Tanegashima – astronautix.com
- ^ Baikonur – astronautix.com
- ^ Musudan – astronautix.com
- ^ Goheung – astronautix.com
- ^ Missile Facilities – Flight Test Range, Sonmiani Beach, NTI
- ^ Sonmiani – astronautix.com
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Svobodniy – astronautix.com
- ^ Dombarovsky – astronautix.com
- ^ Space Adventures Announces $265 Million Global Spaceport Development Project, Space Adventures, February 17, 2006
- ^ Spaceport Singapore
- ^ "消息人士:朝鲜试验远程导弹发动机". 俄罗斯新闻网. 2008-09-16. http://rusnews.cn/guojiyaowen/guoji_anquan/20080916/42269572.html. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
- ^ [3]
- ^ China to use jumbo rocket for delivery of lunar rover, space station, People's Daily Online, March 11, 2008
- ^ China's 4th Satellite Launch Center to Be Built in Hainan – CHINA.ORG.CN
- ^ Andoya – astronautix.com
- ^ Kapustin Yar – astronautix.com
- ^ http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nausta
- ^ a b Kiruna – astronautix.com
- ^ Spaceport Sweden
- ^ Fort Churchill – astronautix.com
- ^ Thule AFB – astronautix.com
- ^ Wallops Flight Facility (NASA)
- ^ White Sands, Astronautix
- ^ Nevada Test Site – astronautix.com
- ^ Vandenberg – astronautix.com
- ^ Kodiak Launch Complex, AADC
- ^ spaceportamerica.com
- ^ Spaceport America – astronautix.com
- ^ Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport website
- ^ Oklahoma Spaceport website
- ^ Spaceport Oklahoma Licensed by FAA, SpecRef.com, October 15, 2001
- ^ PlanetSpace still plans to blast-off from Cape Breton, chairman says, CBC News, February 21, 2008
- ^ Rocketeers pick Canadian launch site, MSNBC, June 2, 2005
- ^ Spaceports Around the World: Australia's Woomera and Weipa Spaceports, spacetoday.org
- ^ Cape York – astronautix.com
- ^ Christmas Island – astronautix.com
- ^ High Speed Flight Demonstration project (HSFD), JAXA
External links
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Asia and the
Middle East |
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Europe |
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North America |
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South America |
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Pacific |
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